The purpose of today's lecture is to review your knowledge of "what is GIS", and to review the different approaches people take to studying "GIS" [i.e., GI Science, Society and Systems] by going through some of the different models and views that exist. GISystems' models range from the very simplistic (GIS as a combination of hardware and software) through to the sophisticated (GIS exists within organizational structures). The aim of reviewing the various models is to reacquaint you with the concept -- "what is a GISystem." Each model can provide a new perspective into the GIScience issues that surround the use (and potential abuse) of geospatial technologies, and remind us of the complexities and uncertainties that every good GIS analyst (GIScientist) should be aware of when using geospatial technologies and presenting the results of GIS analyses (i.e., GI in Society).

It is assumed that you have taken Geography 270--Introduction to GIS, or an equivalent course. For an overview of the general concepts of GIS, the Geographers Craft is an excellent place to start. Specifically, the discussion on GIS: Context, concepts and definitions should provide a quick refresher of 'what is GIS.' 

Many of the notes contained in the Geographer's Craft will relate to material covered in this course, so I encourage you to bookmark the site and read over the relevant notes presented there--they offer a different take on the material presented in the text and, for some, may make it easier to comprehend the lectures / text / labs. Reviewing materials on the web, such as the Geographer's Craft site and, as well, the National Centre for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA) lecture notes I and II, will help broaden your insights into the world of GIScience. A useful site that provides a good overview of GIS and that contains many useful links is the Geospatial Media & Communications site.

Learning objectives

• Know why 'geography' matters;
• Understand the importance of GIScience;
• Be introduced to a brief history of GIS;
• Recognize that 'GIS' has several meanings.

Text: Chapter 1: Systems, science and study [Overheads: 1 per page, 3 per page]

Keywords: metadata, mandates, GIS data models