References

The following sources where used:

  • Amman, G. D., M. D. McGregor, and R. E. Dolph, Jr. (1990). Mountain Pine Beetle. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Services. http://www.barkbeetles.org/mountain/fidl2.htm. Accessed Nov. 28th 2010.
  • Bentz, B. J.; Logan, J. A., and Amman, G. D. (1991). Temperature-dependent Development of the Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Simulation of its Phenology. The Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 123, pp. 1083-1094.
  • Bentz, B. J.; Logan, J. A., Vandygriff, J. C. (2001). Latitudinal variation in Dendroctonus Ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) development time and adult size. The Canadian Entomologist, 133, pp. 375-387.
  • Carroll, A. L.; Taylor, S. W.; Régnière, J. and Safranyik, L. (2004): Effects of Climate Change on Range Expansion by the Mountain Pine Beetle in British Columbia, pp. 223-232. In: Shore T. L.; Brooks, J.E., and Stone, J.E. (editors): Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions. October 30th-31st 2003. Kelowna, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-399, Victoria, B.C., 298 p.
  • Hamann, A. and Wang, T. (2006). Potential Effects of Climate Change on Ecosystem and Tree Species Distribution in British Columbia. Ecology, 87 (11), 2006, pp. 2773-2786.
  • IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  • Kurz, W. A., C. C. Dymond, G. Stinson, G. J. Rampley, E. T. Neilson, A. L. Carroll, T. Ebata and L. Safranyik (2008). Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change. Nature, Vol. 452, pp. 987-990.
  • Logan, J. A. and Powell, J. A. (2001). Ghost Forests, Global Warming, and the Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). American Entomologist, 2001, pp. 160-172.
  • Logan, J. A., Régnière, J. and Powell, J. A. (2003) Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics. Front. Ecolo. Environment, 1(3), pp. 130–137.
  • Taylor, S.W. and Carroll, A.L. (2004). Disturbance, Forest Age, and Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak Dynamics in BC: A Historical Perspective, pp. 41-51. In: Shore T. L.; Brooks, J.E., and Stone, J.E. (editors): Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions. October 30th-31st 2003. Kelowna, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-399, Victoria, B.C., 298 p.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following people in assisting us in the creation of this project.

  • Professor Brian Klinkenberg
  • Teaching Assistant Alejandro Cervantes
  • Lab Supervisor Jose Aparicio
  • Wang, Hamann, Spittlehouse, and Aitken @ Forestry, UBC.

Thank you.